讲解

回顾

Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

生词

• measure v. 测量；估量；权衡
• cortisol n. 皮质醇
• a stress marker 压力的一种标志、标记
• be supposed to do/be… 应该做/是……，被认为做/是……
• a place of refuge 一处避难所

解析

1. 找谓语动词：measured/is/were/found/is supposed
2. 断开：通过标点符号逗号，以及连接词which/while/（and）while/what来断开长难句
   1. 【主句】句1：Researchers measured people’s cortisol,
   2. 【定从】句2：which is a stress marker,
   3. 【时间】句3：while they were at work and
   4. 【时间】句4：while they were at home and found it higher at
   5. 【宾从】句5：what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
3. 结构：
   1. 平行并列：第一处and平行并列了两个while时间状语从句；第二处and平行并列了两个谓语动词measured和found及其后的成分，也就是主语researchers发出了两个动作：measured…和found…。
   2. 从句：which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰people’s cortisol；两个while引导时间状语从句；what引导（介宾）宾语从句；
4. 翻译：研究者分别对人们在工作和家里的皮质醇（精神压力的一种标志）进行了检测，结果显示，在人们普遍认为是避风港的环境中，皮质醇的含量更高。

预习

This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

生词

• recruit v. 招募；聘请
• paradox n. 悖论
• reproduce v. 复制，再现
• gap n. 缝隙，缺口
• forthcoming adj. 即将发生的

解析

1. 找谓语动词：has created/recruting/watching/has
2. 断开：that/逗号/逗号
   1. 【主句】句1：This has created “a paradox” in
   2. 【宾从】句2：that recruiting first-generation students,
   3. 句3：but then watching many of them fail,
   4. 句4：means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
3. 几句话，如何断开：两句话，从but断开。第一部分说在招收第一代学生的时候造成了一个悖论，第二部分就是解释这个悖论。
4. 翻译：即将发表在《心理科学》(Psychological Science)杂志上的一篇论文令人沮丧的开头指出，这造成了“一个悖论”，即招收第一代学生，但看着他们中的许多人失败，意味着高等教育“继续复制和扩大，而不是缩小”基于社会阶层的成就差距。