讲解

回顾

很长，很难。

But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.

生词

• foundation n. 基金会
• recipient n. 接受者，领受者
• outgrow v. 长得太大而不适用（outgrown是过去分词）
• collaborative adj. 合作的，协作的
• demonstrate vt. 论证，证明；说明，演示
• inevitable adj. 不可避免的, 必然发生的
• row n. 争吵，争论，争议
• when it comes to + n./doing 当提及、涉及……的时候
• acknowledge v. 承认

解析

1. 找谓语动词：is/insist/isolates
2. 断开：通过标点符号逗号和连接词but和that来断开长难句
   1. 句1：But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,
   2. 【定从】句2：each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—
   3. 【定从】句3：as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over 句4 句5
   4. 句4：who is ignored
   5. 句5：when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
3. 重点：
   1. 定语从句：准确找到本句中的定语从句：
      1. each of whom非限定性定语从句，前面加了限定词each of。
      2. as非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整件事。
   2. 断开长难句：根据标点和连接词断开长难句，注意不同的标点有不同的作用。如本句中的两个逗号表示插入语，一个破折号表示解释说明。
   3. 名词词组：名词前后会有多个修饰语同时进行修饰。比如本句中的the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize，limit是核心名词，加上它前后的修饰语就构成了比较复杂的名词词组。
4. 翻译：但是诺贝尔基金会的限定——每个奖项获奖人数不超三人，且必须都在世——早就因为现代研究的协作性质而不再适用了，这一点会在确认希格斯玻色子的发现时得到证明，因为届时必然会出现关于“哪位（科学家）遭到忽视”的结论。

预习

In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”

生词

• congressional adj. 立法机构的，代表大会的

解析

1. 找谓语动词：sent/identify/could be taken
2. 断开：that/that
   1. 【主句】句1：In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking
   2. 【宾从】句2：that it identify actions
   3. 【定从】句3：that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
3. 平行：congressional Democrats and Republicans，federal …… and others，maintain …… and education
4. 翻译：2010年，国会民主党和共和党领导人致信美国科学促进会，要求它确定“联邦、州和地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、个人捐助者和其他人”可以采取的行动，以“保持国家在人文和社会科学奖学金和教育方面的卓越水平”。